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1.
TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸正丙酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化丙酸与正丙醇的酯化反应,探讨了催化剂用量,反应时间及醇酸摩尔比对酯收率的影响。当醇酸摩尔比为1.3:1,催化剂的量为醇酸总质量的1.5%。反应时间为1.0h,酯产率可达71.4%以上,采用该催化剂合成丙酸正丙酯不仅酯化反应温度低,反应时间较短,催化剂用量少,而且可较好地回收利用,可降低成本;因此,TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成丙酸正丙酯的优良催化剂,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
2.
The mechanisms governing the solubilizing interactions between zwitterionic/anionic mixed surfactant systems at different
molar fractions of the zwitterionic surfactant (Xzwitter) and neutral or electrically charged unilamellar liposomes were investigated. The mixed systems were formed by N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine
and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.20. Unilamellar liposomes formed by egg phosphatidylcholine, in some cases together
with stearylamine or phosphatidic acid, were used. Solubilization was detected as a decrease in static light-scattering of
liposomes. Two parameters were regarded as corresponding to the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the
surfactant system (i) saturated the liposomes, Resat, and (ii) led to a total solubilization of liposomes, Resol. From these parameters the bilayer/aqueous medium surfactant partition coefficients for the saturation (Ksat) and complete bilayer solubilization (Ksol) were determined. When Xzwitter was 0.40, The Re and K parameters showed a maximum, whereas the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these systems exhibited
a minimum, regardless of the electrical charge of bilayers. Given that the ability of the surfactant systems to saturate or
solubilize liposomes is inversely related to the Resat and Resol parameters, these capacities appear to be directly correlated with the CMC of the mixed systems. The similarity of both Ksat and Ksol (particularly for Xzwitter=0.2–0.8) suggests that a similar partition equilibrium governs both the saturation and the complete solubilization of bilayers,
the free surfactant concentration (Sa,Sb), remaining almost constant with similar values to the CMC for each mixed system studied. 相似文献
3.
Hospital-acquired infection is a great challenge for clinical treatment due to pathogens’ biofilm formation and their antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigate the effect of antiseptic agent polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and undecylenamidopropyl betaine (UB) against biofilms of four pathogens that are often found in hospitals, including Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. We show that 0.02% PHMB, which is 10-fold lower than the concentration of commercial products, has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth, initial attachment, and biofilm formation of all tested pathogens. PHMB can also disrupt the preformed biofilms of these pathogens. In contrast, 0.1% UB exhibits a mild inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the four pathogens. This concentration inhibits the growth of S. aureus and C. albicans yet has no growth effect on P. aeruginosa or E. coli. UB only slightly enhances the anti-biofilm efficacy of PHMB on P. aeruginosa biofilms. However, pretreatment with PslG, a glycosyl hydrolase that can efficiently inhibit and disrupt P. aeruginosa biofilm, highly enhances the clearance effect of PHMB on P. aeruginosa biofilms. Meanwhile, PslG can also disassemble the preformed biofilms of the other three pathogens within 30 min to a similar extent as UB treatment for 24 h. 相似文献
4.
2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基] 乙醇制备条件的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙醇是合成罗格列酮(Rosighitazone)的一种中间体,罗格列酮是新型噻唑烷二酮类胰岛素增敏剂,通过两轮优化设计,实验室小试得到了较好的反应条件.为工业化生产提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献
10.
考察了负载型金属氧化物催化剂对碳酸二甲酯和丙醇气相酯交换合成碳酸甲丙酯的催化性能,并采用BET、XRD、CO2-TPD方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,TiO2/Al2O3对反应具有较高的催化活性和稳定性.随着TiO2负载量的增加,催化剂的比表面积减小,而催化性能则随Ti负载量的增加先增加后减小,在Ti负载量为5%(wt)时活性达到最高,当Ti负载量低于5%(wt)时,TiO2可能以非晶态形式分散在Al2O3表面,而当Ti负载量高于5%(wt)时,TiO2以微晶的形式存在.CO2-TPD研究表明,负载量的改变对催化剂的碱性影响不明显. 相似文献